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It is also rare that any information about the radiation from the burial soil can be obtained, as art objects are usually thoroughly cleaned.
The TL laboratory at Daybreak was established in 1977 to make TL available to the art community in general. Studies at Oxford back in the 70s on Romano-British pottery indicated that when all quantities entering the age equation are measured, the TL date of a single potsherd will typically fall within 15 per cent of the known date. Most mineral materials, including the constituents of pottery, have the property of thermoluminescence (TL), where part of the energy from radioactive decay in and around the mineral is stored (in the form of trapped electrons) and later released as light upon strong heating (as the electrons are detrapped and combine with lattice ions). It is an absolute dating method, and does not depend on comparison with similar objects (as does obsidian hydration dating, for example).The clay cores from lost wax metal castings may readily be tested.
Heated stone material, such as hearths, pot boilers, and burnt flints, has been dated as well.
The phenomenon of thermoluminescence was first described by the English chemist Robert Boyle in 1663.